This thesis examines how institutional factors affect women entrepreneurs in the agri-food sector, especially in developing countries with uncertain and challenging institutional environments. It explores how formal and informal rules can either support or hinder the progress of women’s businesses. The study has three main aims: (1) to identify the institutional challenges that women face and understand how they navigate these obstacles; (2) to explore the resources women use to scale their businesses despite these challenges; and (3) to assess the role of agency in enhancing women’s entrepreneurial success. Through these insights, the thesis highlights how women adapt and grow their businesses within complex institutional frameworks.

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