PhD candidate: M (Mandy) Malan MSc. Promotor: prof.dr.ir. EH (Erwin) Bulte. Co-promotor: dr.ir. MJ (Maarten) Voors. Organisation: Wageningen University, Development Economics. At the beginning of the 21st century, humanity is facing the complex challenge of simultaneously protecting the environment and combatting climate change whilst also improving the lives of poverty-stricken people. Yet, there is little known about whether and under what circumstances economic development and environmental protection can go hand in hand. Moreover, the private sector is playing a larger role in reaching the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but research on how such interventions operate is scarce. To help bridge these knowledge gaps, this thesis studies a range of private sector and traditional aid interventions that aim to improve environmental and economic outcomes in African countries.

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